Peer-reviewed Articles
Williams, C.L. and J.W. Hicks. (in press). Continuous arterial P02 profiles in unrestrained, undisturbed aquatic turtles during routine behaviors. Journal of Experimental Biology.
Williams, C.L., J.C. Hagelin, and G.L Kooyman. (2015). Hidden keys to survival: the type, density, pattern and functional role of emperor penguin body feathers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. PDF
Williams, C.L., K. Sato, K. Shiomi, and P.J. Ponganis. (2012). Muscle energy stores and stroke rates of emperor penguins: Implications for muscle metabolism and dive performance. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 85, 120-133. PDF
Ponganis, P.J., J.U. Meir, and C.L. Williams. (2011). In pursuit of Irving and Scholander: a review of oxygen store management in seals and penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 214, 3325-3339. PDF
Williams, C.L., J.U. Meir, and P.J. Ponganis. (2011). What triggers the aerobic dive limit? Patterns of muscle oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 214, 1802-1812. [JEB Outstanding Paper Prize & Inside JEB featured article] PDF
Ponganis, P.J., J.U. Meir, and C.L. Williams. (2010). Oxygen store depletion and the aerobic dive limit in emperor penguins. Aquatic Biology 8, 237-245. PDF
Ponganis, P.J., T.K. Stockard, J.U. Meir, C.L. Williams, K.V. Ponganis, and R. Howard. (2009). O2 store management in diving emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 217-224. PDF
Meir, J.U., C.D. Champagne, D.P Costa, C.L. Williams, and P.J. Ponganis (2009). Extreme hypoxemic tolerance and blood oxygen depletion in diving northern elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, R927-939. PDF
Meir, J.U., T.K. Stockard, C.L. Williams, K.V. Ponganis, and P.J. Ponganis (2008). Heart rate regulation and extreme bradycardia in diving emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 1169-1179. PDF
Ponganis, P.J., T.K. Stockard, J.U. Meir, C.L. Williams, K.V. Ponganis, R.P. van Dam, and R. Howard. (2007). Returning on empty: extreme blood O2 depletion underlies dive capacity of emperor penguins. Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 4279-4285. PDF
Wallace, B., C.L. Williams, F. Paladino, S. Morreale, R. Lindstrom, and J.R. Spotila. (2005). Bioenergetics and diving activity of internesting leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, Costa Rica. Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 3873-3884. PDF
Book Chapters
Williams, C.L. and P.J. Ponganis. (December, 2015). Oxygen stores and diving, in M.A. Castellini and J. Mellish (Eds.), Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
Williams, C.L. and P.J. Ponganis. (2013). Muscle oxygen saturation measurements in diving mammals and birds using NIRS, in T. Jue and K. Masuda (Eds.), Handbook of Modern Biophysics , Vol 4: Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine, Humana Press, New York.